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如何監控Oracle索引的使用完全解析
瀏覽:155日期:2023-11-22 14:53:02
研究發現,Oracle數據庫使用的索引不會超過總數的25%,或者不易他們期望被使用的方式使用。通過 監控數據庫索引的使用,釋放那些未被使用的索引,從而節省維護索引的開銷,優化性能。 1、在oracle8i中,確定使用了那個索引的方法意味著要對存在語共享SQL區中的所有語句運行EXPLIAN PALN,然后查詢計劃表中的OPERATION列,從而識別有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所確定的那個索引上的索引訪問。 下面是一個監控索引使用的腳本,這個腳本僅僅是一個樣品,在某種條件下成立: 條件: 運行這個腳本的用戶擁有權限解釋所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS裝載的。plan_table.remarks能夠別用來決定與特權習慣的錯誤。對所有的共享池中SQL,參數OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一個常量,無視v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。兩次快照之間,統計資料被再次分析過。沒有語句別截斷。所有的對象都是局部的。所有被引用的表或視圖或者是被運行腳本的用戶所擁有,或者完全有資格的名字或同義詞被使用。自從上次快照以來,沒有不受'歡迎'的語句被沖洗出共享池(例如,在裝載)。對于所有的語句,v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。 腳本: Code: [Copy to clipboard]set echo offRem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLANdrop table plan_table;create table PLAN_TABLE (statement_id varchar2(30),timestampdate,remarks varchar2(80),operationvarchar2(30),options varchar2(255),object_node varchar2(128),object_owner varchar2(30),object_name varchar2(30),object_instancenumeric,object_type varchar2(30),optimizer varchar2(255),search_columns number,idnumeric,parent_idnumeric,positionnumeric,costnumeric,cardinalitynumeric,bytesnumeric,other_tagvarchar2(255),partition_start varchar2(255),partition_stop varchar2(255),partition_idnumeric,otherlong,distributionvarchar2(30),cpu_costnumeric,io_costnumeric,temp_spacenumeric,Access_predicates varchar2(4000),filter_predicates varchar2(4000));Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for taking a snapshot of the SQLAREAdrop table sqltemp;create table sqltemp (ADDR VARCHAR2 (16),SQL_TEXT VARCHAR2 (2000),DISK_READSNUMBER,EXECUTIONSNUMBER,PARSE_CALLS NUMBER);set echo onRem Create procedure to populate the plan_table by executingRem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamicallycreate or replace procedure do_explain (addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)as dummy varchar2 (1100);mycursor integer;ret integer;my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;dummy:=dummy''''addr'''' ' FOR 'sqltext;mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);commit;exception -- Insert errors into PLAN_TABLE...when others then my_sqlerrm := substr(sqlerrm,1,80);insert into plan_table(statement_id, remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);-- close cursor if exception raised on EXPLAIN PLANdbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);end;/Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D statements in the shared pooldeclare-- exclude statements with v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)cursor c1 is select address, sql_text, DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLSfrom v$sqlareawhere command_type in (2,3,6,7)and parsing_schema_id != 0;cursor c2 is select addr, sql_text from sqltemp;addr2 varchar(16);sqltextv$sqlarea.sql_text%type;dreads v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;execs v$sqlarea.executions%type;pcalls v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;begin open c1;fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext, dreads,execs,pcalls;while (c1%found) loopinsert into sqltemp values (addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);commit;fetch c1 into addr2, sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;endloop;close c1;open c2;fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;while (c2%found) loopdo_explain(addr2,sqltext);fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;end loop;close c2;end;/Rem Generate a report of index usage based on the number of timesRem a SQL statement using that index was executedselect p.owner, p.name, sum(s.executions) totexecfrom sqltemp s,(select distinct statement_id stid, object_owner owner, object_name namefrom plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') pwhere s.addr = p.stidgroup by p.owner, p.nameorder by 2 desc;Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)delete from plan_tablewhere statement_id in( select addr from sqltemp );drop table sqltemp;關于這個腳本,有幾個重要的地方需要注重,即它可能一起明顯的開銷,因此,應該在仔細地進行 權衡后才把它應用到繁忙的生產應用系統中區。 2、oracle9i中如何確定索引的使用情況: 在oracle9i中,情況會簡單得多,因為有一個新得字典視圖V$SQL_PLAN存儲了實際計劃,這些計劃用于執行共享SQL區中得語句。V$SQL_PLAN視圖很類似與計劃表,但V$SQL_PLAN使用ADDRESS和HASH_VALUE列 來識別語句, 而計劃表使用用戶提供得STATEMENT_ID來識別語句。下面的SQL顯示了在一個oracle9i數據庫中,由出現在共享SQL區中語句使用的所有索引。 select object_owner, object_name, options, count(*)from v$sql_planwhere operation='INDEX'andobject_owner!='SYS'group by object_owner, object_name, operation, optionsorder by count(*) desc;所有基于共享SQL區中的信心來識別索引使用情況的方法, 都可能會收集到不完整的信息。共享SQL區是一 個動態結構,除非能對它進行足夠頻繁的采樣, 否則在有關索引使用的情況的信息被收集之前,SQL語句可 能就已經(因為老化)被移出緩存了。oracle9i提供了解決這個問題的方案,即它為alter index提供了一個monitoring usage子句。當啟用monitoring usage 時,oralce記錄簡單的yes或no值,以指出在監控間隔 期間某個索引是否被使用。 為了演示這個新特性,你可以使用下面的例子: (a) Create and populate a small test table (b) Create Primary Key index on that table (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet (d) Start monitoring of the index usage (e) Query v$object_usage to see the monitoring in progress (f) Issue the SELECT statement which uses the index (g) Query v$object_usage again to see that the index has been used (h) Stop monitoring of the index usage (i) Query v$object_usage to see that the monitoring sDetailed steps (a) Create and populate a small test tablecreate table prodUCts(prod_id number(3),prod_name_code varchar2(5));insert into products values(1,'aaaaa');insert into products values(2,'bbbbb');insert into products values(3,'ccccc');insert into products values(4,'ddddd');commit;(b) Create Primary Key index on that tablealter table productsadd (constraint products_pk primary key (prod_id));(c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yetcolumn
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