MySQL數據庫入門之多實例配置方法詳解

本文實例講述了MySQL數據庫入門之多實例配置方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

前面介紹了相關的基礎命令操作：MySQL數據庫基礎篇之入門基礎命令

所有的操作都是基于單實例的，mysql多實例在實際生產環境也是非常實用的，因為必須要掌握。

多實例就是一臺服務器上開啟多個不同的服務端口（默認3306），運行多個mysql的服務進程，這此服務進程通過不同的socket監聽不同的服務端口來提供各在的服務，所有實例之間共同使用一套MYSQL的安裝程序，但各自使用不同的配置文件、啟動程序、數據文件，在邏輯上是相對獨立的。

多實例主要作用是：充分利用現有的服務器硬件資源，為不同的服務提供數據服務，但是如果某個實例并發比較高的，同樣是會影響到其它實例的性能

安裝前需要先安裝mysql，但是只需將安裝過程進行到make install即可（編譯安裝），如果使用免安裝程序，只需解壓軟件包即可，今天的環境是通過免安裝包來安裝mysql主程序（其它的安裝可以參考前面的安裝過程自行測試）

系統環境

[root@centos6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final)[root@centos6 ~]# uname -r2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

安裝程序

mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

首先將軟件下載到本地

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

創建安裝用戶

[root@centos6 ~]#groupadd mysql[root@centos6 ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M[root@centos6 ~]#tail -1 /etc/passwdmysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

創建多實例的數據目錄

[root@centos6 tools]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}[root@centos6 tools]# tree /data//data/+-- 3306+-- 33072 directories, 0 files3、安裝MYSQL多實例

接下來進行安裝mysql的多實例操作

解壓軟件

[root@centos6 tools]# ll mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185855000 Aug 26 21:38 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz[root@centos6 tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

拷貝配置文件

[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3306/my.cnf[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3306/mysql[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3307/mysql

為一規范安裝路徑，將免安裝包拷貝到應用程序目錄下

[root@centos6 tools]# mv mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql[root@centos6 tools]# ll /application/mysqltotal 72drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 bin-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 17987 Aug 26 19:24 COPYINGdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 datadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 docsdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 include-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 301 Aug 26 19:24 INSTALL-BINARYdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 libdrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 mandrwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 mysql-test-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 2496 Aug 26 19:24 READMEdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 scriptsdrwxr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 sharedrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 sql-benchdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 support-files

修改配置文件與啟動文件

因為是多實例，其中參數需要修改，修改后的配置文件如下：配置文件my.cnf

[client]port = 3307socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock[mysql]no-auto-rehash[mysqld] user = mysqlport = 3307socket = /data/3307/mysql.sockbasedir = /application/mysqldatadir = /data/3307/data#log_long_format#log-error = /data/3307/error.log#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.logpid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pidserver-id = 3 [mysqld_safe]log-error=/data/3307/mysql3307.errpid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

啟動程序文件mysql

[root@backup 3307]# cat mysql#!/bin/shinit port=3307mysql_user='root'mysql_pwd='migongge'CmdPath='/application/mysql/bin'mysql_sock='/data/${port}/mysql.sock'#startupfunction_start_mysql() {if [ ! -e '$mysql_sock' ];then printf 'Starting MySQL...n'/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &else printf 'MySQL is running...n'exitfi}#stop functionfunction_stop_mysql() {if [ ! -e '$mysql_sock' ];thenprintf 'MySQL is stopped...n'exitelseprintf 'Stoping MySQL...n'${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdownfi}#restart functionfunction_restart_mysql() { printf 'Restarting MySQL...n' function_stop_mysql sleep 2 function_start_mysql}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;restart)function_restart_mysql;;*)printf 'Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}n'esac

其它的配置可參考配置文件進行修改即可

多實例初始化操作

[root@centos6 3306]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysqlInstalling MySQL system tables...161209 18:02:17 [Warning] ’THREAD_CONCURRENCY’ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3336 ...OKFilling help tables...161209 18:02:17 [Warning] ’THREAD_CONCURRENCY’ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3343 ...OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have to copysupport-files/mysql.server to the right place for your systemPLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ’new-password’/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos6 password ’new-password’Alternatively you can run:/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option of removing the testdatabases and anonymous user created by default. This isstrongly recommended for production servers.See the manual for more instructions.You can start the MySQL daemon with:cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.plcd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.plPlease report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

初始化成功后，會在數據目錄下產生一個數據目錄data和一些文件

[root@centos6 3306]# ll /data/3306/data/total 1136drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27693 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.000001-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.000002-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.indexdrwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 9 18:02 performance_schemadrwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:02 test

另一個實例的初始化請參考上述操作進行，操作過程不再一一介紹

[root@centos6 3307]# ll /data/3307/data/total 1136drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27693 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.000001-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.000002-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.indexdrwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 9 18:40 performance_schemadrwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:40 test4 、啟動多實例并登錄

啟動服務

[root@backup 3307]# /data/3306/mysql startStarting MySQL...[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3306COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEmysqld 19986 mysql 10u IPv4 90967 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)[root@backup 3307]# /data/3307/mysqlstart Starting MySQL...[root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3307COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEmysqld 21648 mysql 11u IPv4 92899 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)

檢查端口

[root@backup 3307]# netstat -lntup|grep mysqltcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21648/mysqldtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19986/mysqld

登陸多實例數據庫

[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sockWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.5.51-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type ’help;’ or ’h’ for help. Type ’c’ to clear the current input statement.mysql> create database data3306;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || data3306 || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> quitBye[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sockWelcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.5.51 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type ’help;’ or ’h’ for help. Type ’c’ to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.05 sec)

成功登陸，并在3306實例中創建數據庫，但是3307實例上查看并沒有創建過的數據，說明兩個實例是獨立的

注：如果再需要新增一個實例，基本的配置步驟同上述一樣，只需要相應修改配置文件與啟動程序文件中的端口號與數據目錄的路徑即可，最后可以將多實例數據庫啟動命令加入開機自啟動。

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希望本文所述對大家MySQL數據庫計有所幫助。