springboot中@Async默認線程池導致OOM問題

前言：

1.最近項目上在測試人員壓測過程中發現了OOM問題，項目使用springboot搭建項目工程，通過查看日志中包含信息：unable to create new native thread

內存溢出的三種類型：1.第一種OutOfMemoryError： PermGen space，發生這種問題的原意是程序中使用了大量的jar或class2.第二種OutOfMemoryError： Java heap space，發生這種問題的原因是java虛擬機創建的對象太多3.第三種OutOfMemoryError：unable to create new native thread，創建線程數量太多，占用內存過大

初步分析：

1.初步懷疑是線程創建太多導致，使用jstack 線程號 > /tmp/oom.log將應用的線程信息打印出來。查看oom.log，發現大量線程處于Runnable狀態，基本可以確認是線程創建太多了。

代碼分析：

1.出問題的微服務是日志寫庫服務，對比日志，鎖定在writeLog方法上，wirteLog方法使用spring-@Async注解，寫庫操作采用的是異步寫入方式。2.之前沒有對@Async注解深入研究過，只是知道可以自定義內部線程池，經查看，日志寫庫服務并未自定義異步配置，使用的是spring-@Async默認異步配置3.首先簡單百度了下，網上提到@Async默認異步配置使用的是SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，該線程池默認來一個任務創建一個線程，在壓測情況下，會有大量寫庫請求進入日志寫庫服務，這時就會不斷創建大量線程，極有可能壓爆服務器內存。

借此機會也學習了下SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor源碼，總結如下：

1.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor提供了限流機制，通過concurrencyLimit屬性來控制開關，當concurrencyLimit>=0時開啟限流機制，默認關閉限流機制即concurrencyLimit=-1，當關閉情況下，會不斷創建新的線程來處理任務，核心代碼如下：

public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) { Assert.notNull(task, 'Runnable must not be null'); Runnable taskToUse = (this.taskDecorator != null ? this.taskDecorator.decorate(task) : task); //判斷是否開啟限流機制 if (isThrottleActive() && startTimeout > TIMEOUT_IMMEDIATE) { //執行前置操作，進行限流 this.concurrencyThrottle.beforeAccess(); //執行完線程任務，會執行后置操作concurrencyThrottle.afterAccess()，配合進行限流 doExecute(new ConcurrencyThrottlingRunnable(taskToUse)); } else { doExecute(taskToUse); }}

2.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor限流實現

首先任務進來，會循環判斷當前執行線程數是否超過concurrencyLimit，如果超了，則當前線程調用wait方法，釋放monitor對象鎖，進入等待

protected void beforeAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit == NO_CONCURRENCY) {throw new IllegalStateException('Currently no invocations allowed - concurrency limit set to NO_CONCURRENCY');}if (this.concurrencyLimit > 0) {boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();synchronized (this.monitor) {boolean interrupted = false;while (this.concurrencyCount >= this.concurrencyLimit) {if (interrupted) {throw new IllegalStateException('Thread was interrupted while waiting for invocation access, ' +'but concurrency limit still does not allow for entering');}if (debug) {logger.debug('Concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount +' has reached limit ' + this.concurrencyLimit + ' - blocking');}try {this.monitor.wait();}catch (InterruptedException ex) {// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.Thread.currentThread().interrupt();interrupted = true;}}if (debug) {logger.debug('Entering throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.concurrencyCount++;}}}

2.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor限流實現：首先任務進來，會循環判斷當前執行線程數是否超過concurrencyLimit，如果超了，則當前線程調用wait方法，釋放monitor對象鎖，進入等待狀態。

protected void beforeAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit == NO_CONCURRENCY) {throw new IllegalStateException('Currently no invocations allowed - concurrency limit set to NO_CONCURRENCY');}if (this.concurrencyLimit > 0) {boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();synchronized (this.monitor) {boolean interrupted = false;while (this.concurrencyCount >= this.concurrencyLimit) {if (interrupted) {throw new IllegalStateException('Thread was interrupted while waiting for invocation access, ' +'but concurrency limit still does not allow for entering');}if (debug) {logger.debug('Concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount +' has reached limit ' + this.concurrencyLimit + ' - blocking');}try {this.monitor.wait();}catch (InterruptedException ex) {// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.Thread.currentThread().interrupt();interrupted = true;}}if (debug) {logger.debug('Entering throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.concurrencyCount++;}}}

線程任務執行完畢后，當前執行線程數會減一，會調用monitor對象的notify方法，喚醒等待狀態下的線程，等待狀態下的線程會競爭monitor鎖，競爭到，會繼續執行線程任務。

protected void afterAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit >= 0) {synchronized (this.monitor) {this.concurrencyCount--;if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug('Returning from throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.monitor.notify();}}}

雖然看了源碼了解了SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor有限流機制，實踐出真知，我們還是測試下：一、測試未開啟限流機制下，我們啟動20個線程去調用異步方法，查看Java VisualVM工具如下：

二、測試開啟限流機制，開啟限流機制的代碼如下:

@Configuration@EnableAsyncpublic class AsyncCommonConfig extends AsyncConfigurerSupport { @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor executor = new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor(); //設置允許同時執行的線程數為10 executor.setConcurrencyLimit(10); return executor; }}

同樣，我們啟動20個線程去調用異步方法，查看Java VisualVM工具如下：

通過上面驗證可知：1.開啟限流情況下，能有效控制應用線程數2.雖然可以有效控制線程數，但執行效率會降低，會出現主線程等待，線程競爭的情況。3.限流機制適用于任務處理比較快的場景，對于應用處理時間比較慢的場景并不適用。==

最終解決辦法：1.自定義線程池，使用LinkedBlockingQueue阻塞隊列來限定線程池的上限2.定義拒絕策略，如果隊列滿了，則拒絕處理該任務，打印日志，代碼如下：

public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer{ private Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(); @Value('${thread.pool.corePoolSize:10}') private int corePoolSize; @Value('${thread.pool.maxPoolSize:20}') private int maxPoolSize; @Value('${thread.pool.keepAliveSeconds:4}') private int keepAliveSeconds; @Value('${thread.pool.queueCapacity:512}') private int queueCapacity; @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize); executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize); executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(keepAliveSeconds); executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity); executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler((Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor exe) -> {logger.warn('當前任務線程池隊列已滿.'); }); executor.initialize(); return executor; } @Override public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { return new AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { @Override public void handleUncaughtException(Throwable ex , Method method , Object... params) {logger.error('線程池執行任務發生未知異常.', ex); } }; }}

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